# ING Group, N.V > Clarifo company profile — qualitative business description generated from > the company's filings. Financial statements, charts and ratios are > available on Clarifo (https://www.clarifo.com/en/companies/ING Group, N.V). ## Overview ING Groep N.V. is a Netherlands-based banking group that provides retail and wholesale banking through its main operating subsidiary, ING Bank. Its business spans consumer banking, business banking, mortgages, savings, payments, and corporate and institutional lending across Europe and other international markets. ## Products & services • Retail banking accounts, payments and cards • Savings, deposits and everyday banking plans • Mortgages and consumer lending • Business banking and SME banking services • Wholesale banking for corporate and institutional clients • Trade finance, treasury and market products - **Retail Banking** (45%) — Everyday banking products for individuals, including accounts, cards, payments, savings and mortgages. - **Business Banking** (15%) — Banking, payments and lending services for entrepreneurs and small businesses. - **Wholesale Banking** (35%) — Lending, capital markets and transaction services for corporate and institutional clients. - **Wealth and Investment Services** (5%) — Savings, investment-related and premium banking features for relationship customers. - Retail banking accounts, payments and cards - Savings, deposits and everyday banking plans - Mortgages and consumer lending - Business banking and SME banking services - Wholesale banking for corporate and institutional clients - Trade finance, treasury and market products ## Customers ING serves retail customers, self-employed individuals, small businesses, and large corporate and institutional clients. Retail customers buy the bank’s accounts, payments, savings, mortgage and packaged banking propositions, while business and wholesale clients use ING for lending, transaction banking, trade finance and market access. The group’s customer base is spread across multiple European markets and selected international markets, making local relevance and digital convenience important to retention. - **Retail consumers** (primary) — Buy everyday banking, savings, cards and mortgages for personal finance needs - **Mass affluent and premium retail** (secondary) — Buy packaged plans and added benefits such as insurance and lifestyle services - **Small businesses and entrepreneurs** (primary) — Buy business accounts, payments, lending and advisory support - **Large corporates** (primary) — Buy lending, transaction services, trade finance and treasury solutions - **Institutional clients** (secondary) — Buy market, financing and capital markets products - Households using accounts, cards, savings and mortgages - Mobile-first retail customers seeking simple daily banking - Entrepreneurs and SMEs needing banking and payment services - Corporate clients needing lending and transaction banking - Institutional clients using market and treasury services ## Geography ING has a strong European base and operates retail banking franchises in nine core retail markets, including the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Spain, Italy, Australia, Poland, Romania and Türkiye. It also serves wholesale and corporate customers in more than 100 countries, with listing and investor access in Amsterdam, Brussels and New York. The group’s geography matters because retail banking is locally regulated and product-localized, while wholesale banking adds broader cross-border exposure. - **Netherlands** — Core home market and one of the main retail banking countries - **Belgium** — Core retail market - **Germany** — Core retail market - **Spain** — Core retail market - **Italy** — Core retail market - **Australia** — Core retail market - **Poland** — Core retail market - **Romania** — Core retail market - **Türkiye** — Core retail market - Retail banking across nine core markets in Europe and Australia - Wholesale banking serves customers in over 100 countries - Netherlands is the home market and a key retail franchise - Germany, Spain and Belgium are important retail growth markets - International footprint adds cross-border and regulatory complexity ## Strategy ING is focused on deepening customer relationships through digital retail banking, simpler product propositions and more personalized service. It is also using its wholesale platform to support corporate clients with financing, payments and sustainability-related services, while investing in analytics and digital tools to improve customer targeting and service delivery. - **Subscription-based retail banking propositions** (short-term) — Bundles accounts, cards and benefits into a single offering that can improve loyalty and cross-sell - **Digital customer engagement** (medium-term) — Mobile and data-driven banking lowers servicing friction and supports primary-customer growth - **Business banking expansion** (medium-term) — SME and entrepreneur services broaden fee and lending relationships beyond basic accounts - **Sustainability and financing solutions** (long-term) — Supports client transition needs and creates differentiated corporate banking relationships - Expand relationship banking through subscription-style retail propositions - Grow mobile primary customers and deepen product usage - Use data and AI to personalize offers and service interactions - Strengthen SME and entrepreneur offerings in selected markets - Scale sustainability-related financing and advisory services ## Risks ING’s earnings and balance sheet are exposed to credit, market and funding risks that are typical for a large bank, as well as regulatory requirements that can affect distributions and capital management. Its multi-country retail model also creates execution risk because products must be adapted to local customer behavior and rules, while wholesale banking adds cross-border exposure and cyclical sensitivity. - **Credit deterioration** [high] — A banking model centered on lending is exposed to borrower defaults in mortgages, consumer credit and corporate loans - **Capital and distribution restrictions** [high] — Banks operate under prudential rules that can limit dividends, buybacks and growth if capital requirements tighten - **Interest-rate and funding sensitivity** [high] — Net interest income depends on the spread between lending yields and deposit costs - **Cross-border regulatory complexity** [medium] — Operating in many countries increases compliance, consumer protection and local licensing burden - **Geopolitical and legal exposure** [medium] — International banking can be affected by sanctions, trade restrictions and local legal frameworks - Credit losses can rise if borrowers weaken across retail or corporate books - Interest-rate and market shifts affect lending, deposits and treasury income - Regulatory capital rules can constrain dividends and business flexibility - Multi-country retail rollout may be uneven and operationally complex - Geopolitical and legal risks affect cross-border and international exposure ## Accounting For a bank like ING, expected credit loss provisioning is a critical accounting estimate because changes in borrower quality can materially affect profit and capital. Fair value measurement, hedge accounting and classification of financial instruments also matter because they can move reported income and balance-sheet valuations even when underlying business volumes are stable. - **Expected credit losses** — Can materially change profit and capital ratios - **Fair value measurements** — Can create volatility in reported income - **Hedge accounting** — Can smooth or amplify earnings presentation - **IFRS 18 reporting changes** — Affects comparability of operating profit and adjusted measures - **Impairment testing** — Could lead to non-cash write-downs - Expected credit loss provisioning affects loan-loss expense - Fair value changes affect trading and treasury results - Hedge accounting influences interest-rate risk presentation - IFRS 18 will change profit subtotals and MPM disclosure - Goodwill and intangibles require impairment review --- *Last updated: 2026-09-28T12:04:02.481820+00:00*