ING Group, N.V
ING Groep N.V. is a Netherlands-based banking group that provides retail and wholesale banking through its main operating subsidiary, ING Bank. Its business spans consumer banking, business banking, mortgages, savings, payments, and corporate and institutional lending across Europe and other international markets.
Business
Share of revenueEveryday banking products for individuals, including accounts, cards, payments, savings and mortgages.
Banking, payments and lending services for entrepreneurs and small businesses.
Lending, capital markets and transaction services for corporate and institutional clients.
Savings, investment-related and premium banking features for relationship customers.
Customers
ING serves retail customers, self-employed individuals, small businesses, and large corporate and institutional clients. Retail customers buy the bank’s accounts, payments, savings, mortgage and packaged banking propositions, while business and wholesale clients use ING for lending, transaction banking, trade finance and market access. The group’s customer base is spread across multiple European markets and selected international markets, making local relevance and digital convenience important to retention.
Buy everyday banking, savings, cards and mortgages for personal finance needs
Buy packaged plans and added benefits such as insurance and lifestyle services
Buy business accounts, payments, lending and advisory support
Buy lending, transaction services, trade finance and treasury solutions
Buy market, financing and capital markets products
Strategy
ING is focused on deepening customer relationships through digital retail banking, simpler product propositions and more personalized service. It is also using its wholesale platform to support corporate clients with financing, payments and sustainability-related services, while investing in analytics and digital tools to improve customer targeting and service delivery.
Bundles accounts, cards and benefits into a single offering that can improve loyalty and cross-sell
Mobile and data-driven banking lowers servicing friction and supports primary-customer growth
SME and entrepreneur services broaden fee and lending relationships beyond basic accounts
Supports client transition needs and creates differentiated corporate banking relationships
Geography
ING has a strong European base and operates retail banking franchises in nine core retail markets, including the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Spain, Italy, Australia, Poland, Romania and Türkiye. It also serves wholesale and corporate customers in more than 100 countries, with listing and investor access in Amsterdam, Brussels and New York. The group’s geography matters because retail banking is locally regulated and product-localized, while wholesale banking adds broader cross-border exposure.
Risks
ING’s earnings and balance sheet are exposed to credit, market and funding risks that are typical for a large bank, as well as regulatory requirements that can affect distributions and capital management. Its multi-country retail model also creates execution risk because products must be adapted to local customer behavior and rules, while wholesale banking adds cross-border exposure and cyclical sensitivity.
- Credit deteriorationImpact: HighLikelihood: Medium
A banking model centered on lending is exposed to borrower defaults in mortgages, consumer credit and corporate loans
Exposure: Retail and wholesale loan books
- Capital and distribution restrictionsImpact: HighLikelihood: Medium
Banks operate under prudential rules that can limit dividends, buybacks and growth if capital requirements tighten
Exposure: CET1 and regulatory capital
- Interest-rate and funding sensitivityImpact: HighLikelihood: Medium
Net interest income depends on the spread between lending yields and deposit costs
Exposure: Retail deposits and loan book repricing
- Cross-border regulatory complexityImpact: MediumLikelihood: High
Operating in many countries increases compliance, consumer protection and local licensing burden
Exposure: Nine retail markets and over 100 countries
- Geopolitical and legal exposureImpact: MediumLikelihood: Medium
International banking can be affected by sanctions, trade restrictions and local legal frameworks
Exposure: Cross-border clients and markets
Accounting
Judgemental itemsLoan portfolios require forward-looking provisioning based on macroeconomic and borrower assumptions
Impact: Can materially change profit and capital ratios
Trading assets, derivatives and some investment positions are marked to market
Impact: Can create volatility in reported income
Interest-rate and FX hedges affect how income and valuation changes are recognized
Impact: Can smooth or amplify earnings presentation
New subtotal presentation and management-defined performance measures will alter external reporting
Impact: Affects comparability of operating profit and adjusted measures
Goodwill and intangible assets must be reviewed for recoverability
Impact: Could lead to non-cash write-downs
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Last updated: 28/09/2026